Boeing actually certified a rocket assisted takeoff option for the 727 using JATO bottles. It was specifically targeted for a Mexican airline so they could operate out of Mexico City on a hot day with a full load. There were some electronics that monitored the three engines - if one of engines failed it would automatically fire off the JATO bottles (IIRC correctly they were mounted in the wheel wells).
I don't think it ever had to be activated in anger, but there are photos out there of it being flight tested. Later improvements in the JT8D engines meant they had enough margin that the JATO option could be removed.